Difference between revisions of "Correspondence between Islamic Calendar and its Jewish Counterpart"
(→Shabaan al Muazzam (Nisan)) |
(→Shawwaal al-Mukarram (Sivan)) |
||
(23 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) | |||
Line 64: | Line 64: | ||
''1 Adam was created'' <br> | ''1 Adam was created'' <br> | ||
'''2 Rosh Hashanah (2nd Day)''' <br> | '''2 Rosh Hashanah (2nd Day)''' <br> | ||
− | | + | 3 Fast of Gedaliah <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
Line 103: | Line 103: | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
− | 28 | + | ''28 The Passing of the Prophet Muhammed (pbuh)''<br> |
− | + | </td> | |
<td valign="top">'''Cheshvan''' <br> | <td valign="top">'''Cheshvan''' <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
Line 124: | Line 124: | ||
''1 Medina Migration'' <br> | ''1 Medina Migration'' <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
− | 9 Eid e Zehra | + | ''9 Eid e Zehra (Killers of Imam Husain were punished)''<br> |
− | |||
<br> | <br> | ||
+ | '''12 Milaad-Un-Nabi (Prophet Mohammed's (pbuh) Birthday for Sunni Muslims)''' <br> | ||
''12 The Prophet received in Medina'' <br> | ''12 The Prophet received in Medina'' <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
Line 133: | Line 133: | ||
''16 Night Journey (or 17 Ramadhan, or 7 Rajab)'' <br> | ''16 Night Journey (or 17 Ramadhan, or 7 Rajab)'' <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
− | '''17 Milaad-Un-Nabi (Prophet Mohammed's Birthday)''' <br> | + | '''17 Milaad-Un-Nabi (Prophet Mohammed's (pbuh) Birthday for Shia Muslims)''' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
''22 Battle against Bani An-Nadhir'' <br> | ''22 Battle against Bani An-Nadhir'' <br> | ||
</td> | </td> | ||
<td valign="top">'''Kislev''' <br> | <td valign="top">'''Kislev''' <br> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
+ | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
Line 171: | Line 175: | ||
''8 Fast of Translation of the Bible into Greek'' <br> | ''8 Fast of Translation of the Bible into Greek'' <br> | ||
''9 death of Ezra'' <br> | ''9 death of Ezra'' <br> | ||
− | | + | 10 Fast of Tevet<br> |
</td> | </td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
Line 226: | Line 230: | ||
''7 Night Journey (or 16 Rabi al-Awal, or 17 Ramadhaan)'' <br> | ''7 Night Journey (or 16 Rabi al-Awal, or 17 Ramadhaan)'' <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
− | <br> | + | '''13 Birthday of Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib'''<br> |
''[15 Qiblah direction faced in prayers changed from Jerusalem to the | ''[15 Qiblah direction faced in prayers changed from Jerusalem to the | ||
Holy Kaabah (or 16 Muharram, or 15 Shabaan)]'' <br> | Holy Kaabah (or 16 Muharram, or 15 Shabaan)]'' <br> | ||
Line 251: | Line 255: | ||
''9 Fast for arguments of schools of Hillel and Shammai'' <br> | ''9 Fast for arguments of schools of Hillel and Shammai'' <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
− | | + | 13 Fast of Esther (originally a festival called Nicanor Day) <br> |
− | + | '''14 Purim''' <br> | |
15 Shusham Purim <br> | 15 Shusham Purim <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
Line 271: | Line 275: | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
− | + | 15 Shab e Baraat, also Lailat al Baraat (Night of Emancipation) <br> | |
− | | + | 15 Birthday of Muhammad al-Mahdi, Shias believe him to be the twelfth, final and current Shia Imam and Messiah<br> |
+ | 15 Noah was saved from the flood<br> | ||
''[15 Qiblah direction faced in prayers changed from Jerusalem to the | ''[15 Qiblah direction faced in prayers changed from Jerusalem to the | ||
Holy Kaabah (or 16 Muharram, or 15 Rajab)]'' <br> | Holy Kaabah (or 16 Muharram, or 15 Rajab)]'' <br> | ||
Line 305: | Line 310: | ||
(means heat) <br> | (means heat) <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
− | 1 Start of Month Long Fast <br> | + | '''1 Start of Month Long Fast''' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
− | 6 The Torah was sent down to Moses <br> | + | ''6 The Torah was sent down to Moses'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
− | + | ''10 Mecca was conquered'' <br> | |
<br> | <br> | ||
− | + | ''13 The Evangel was sent down to Jesus'' <br> | |
<br> | <br> | ||
− | 17 Night Journey (or 16 Rabi al-Awal, or 7 Rajab) <br> | + | ''17 Night Journey (or 16 Rabi al-Awal, or 7 Rajab)'' <br> |
− | 17 Angle descended on the Holy Prophet (PBUH) at cave of Hiraa. <br> | + | ''17 Angle descended on the Holy Prophet (PBUH) at cave of Hiraa.'' <br> |
− | 17 Nuzul Al-Qur'an Battle of Badr, 2 A.H. <br> | + | ''17 Nuzul Al-Qur'an Battle of Badr, 2 A.H.'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
− | + | ''18 The Psalms was sent down to David'' <br> | |
<br> | <br> | ||
− | 21 Jesus was lifted up to the sky <br> | + | ''21 Jesus was lifted up to the sky'' <br> |
− | 21 Moses died on this date <br> | + | ''21 Moses died on this date'' <br> |
− | 21 Joshua died on this date <br> | + | ''21 Joshua died on this date'' <br> |
+ | ''21 Passing of Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib''<br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
− | 23 Lailat-el-Qadr / Shab-e-Qadr <br> | + | 23 Lailat-el-Qadr / Shab-e-Qadr (Last third of Ramadan) <br> |
(Qur'an began to be revealed, one of the qader nights, in last ten days | (Qur'an began to be revealed, one of the qader nights, in last ten days | ||
of ramadhaan) <br> | of ramadhaan) <br> | ||
+ | 27 Nuzul Al-Qur'an (17th Ramadan in Malaysia) <br> | ||
</td> | </td> | ||
<td valign="top">'''Iyyar''' <br> | <td valign="top">'''Iyyar''' <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
− | 1 Start of Sefirah Mourning Period <br> | + | '''1 Start of Sefirah Mourning Period''' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
Line 346: | Line 353: | ||
Revelation Of Zohar <br> | Revelation Of Zohar <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
− | 26 Nisan, Death of Joshua </td> | + | ''26 Nisan, Death of Joshua'' </td> |
</tr> | </tr> | ||
</table> | </table> | ||
Line 354: | Line 361: | ||
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="640"> | <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="640"> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
− | <td valign="top" width="50%">'''10. Shawwaal al-Mukarram''' <br> | + | <td valign="top" width="50%"> |
+ | '''10. Shawwaal al-Mukarram''' <br> | ||
+ | ''Muslims encouraged to fast six more days, as-Sitta al-Bīḍ (the white six)''<br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
− | 1 Eid al Fitr <br> | + | '''1 Eid al Fitr''' <br> |
− | 2 Eid al Fitr (2st Day) <br> | + | '''2 Eid al Fitr (2st Day)''' <br> |
− | 3 Eid al Fitr (3st Day) <br> | + | '''3 Eid al Fitr (3st Day)''' <br> |
− | 1 Revealed to the bee in making honey. <br> | + | ''1 Revealed to the bee in making honey.'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
− | 6 The Holy Prophet (PBUH) conquered Mecca in the eighth year A.H <br> | + | ''6 The Holy Prophet (PBUH) conquered Mecca in the eighth year A.H'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
− | 8 Yawm al Gham <br> | + | 8 Yawm al Gham <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
− | 15 Battle of Uhud, 3rd A.H <br> | + | ''15 Battle of Uhud, 3rd A.H'' <br> |
− | 16 Battle of Hamraa Al-Asad, 3rd A.H <br> | + | ''16 Battle of Hamraa Al-Asad, 3rd A.H'' <br> |
− | 17 Battle of the Ditch (Al-Ahzaab), 5th A.H. <br> | + | ''17 Battle of the Ditch (Al-Ahzaab), 5th A.H.'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
− | 30 Allah destroyed people of Aad. <br> | + | ''30 Allah destroyed people of Aad.'' <br> |
</td> | </td> | ||
<td valign="top">'''Sivan''' <br> | <td valign="top">'''Sivan''' <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
− | 3-5 Sheloshet Yemei Hagbalah, preparation for Mount Sinai <br> | + | ''3-5 Sheloshet Yemei Hagbalah, preparation for Mount Sinai ''<br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
− | 6 Shavuot <br> | + | '''6 Shavuot''' <br> |
</td> | </td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
Line 388: | Line 397: | ||
SACRED MONTH <br> | SACRED MONTH <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
− | 1 God promised Moses (peace be upon him) after thirty nights <br> | + | ''1 God promised Moses (peace be upon him) after thirty nights''' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
− | 5 Abraham and Ismail (PBUH) carried up the pillars of the Baitul Haraam | + | ''5 Abraham and Ismail (PBUH) carried up the pillars of the Baitul Haraam'' |
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
Line 397: | Line 406: | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
25 Dahwul Arz <br> | 25 Dahwul Arz <br> | ||
− | Earth was sent into orbit <br> | + | ''Earth was sent into orbit'' <br> |
− | Abraham the Friend (PBUH) was born. <br> | + | ''Abraham the Friend (PBUH) was born.'' <br> |
− | Jesus son of Mary (PBUH) was born <br> | + | ''Jesus son of Mary (PBUH) was born'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
− | 29 God sent down the Ka'aba, 25 A.H.? <br> | + | ''29 God sent down the Ka'aba, 25 A.H.?'' <br> |
</td> | </td> | ||
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" valign="top">'''Tammuz''' <br> | <td bgcolor="#cccccc" valign="top">'''Tammuz''' <br> | ||
Line 411: | Line 420: | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
− | 17 Fast of Tamuz <br> | + | 17 Fast of Tamuz <br> |
− | Moses smashed the first tablets <br> | + | ''Moses smashed the first tablets'' <br> |
− | 2nd Temple sacrifices ended <br> | + | ''2nd Temple sacrifices ended'' <br> |
− | Romans set up an idol in Temple <br> | + | ''Romans set up an idol in Temple'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
25 Elul, Creation of world <br> | 25 Elul, Creation of world <br> | ||
Line 429: | Line 438: | ||
SACRED MONTH <br> | SACRED MONTH <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
− | 3 Allah Accepted Adam's Dua <br> | + | ''3 Allah Accepted Adam's Dua'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
− | 7 Musa obtained victory upon magicians. <br> | + | ''7 Musa obtained victory upon magicians.'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
− | 8 Yaum at-tarwiya, the 'Day of Watering', <br> | + | ''8 Yaum at-tarwiya, the 'Day of Watering','' <br> |
− | The pilgrim prepares his own water store for the succeeding days | + | ''The pilgrim prepares his own water store for the succeeding days'' |
<br> | <br> | ||
− | 9 Imam Husain departed Mecca to Karbala <br> | + | ''9 Imam Husain departed Mecca to Karbala'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
− | 9 Roz e Arafat <br> | + | '''9 Roz e Arafat''' <br> |
− | 9 Ibrahim was rescured from fire of Namrud <br> | + | ''9 Ibrahim was rescured from fire of Namrud'' <br> |
− | 9 Musa made his successor Yushau <br> | + | ''9 Musa made his successor Yushau'' <br> |
− | 9 Isa made his successor Sham'un As-Safa <br> | + | ''9 Isa made his successor Sham'un As-Safa <br> |
− | 9 Sulaiman appointed Aasif bun Barkhiya <br> | + | ''9 Sulaiman appointed Aasif bun Barkhiya'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
− | 10 Eid al Hajj <br> | + | '''10 Eid al Hajj''' <br> |
(Day of Hajj / Pilgrimage) <br> | (Day of Hajj / Pilgrimage) <br> | ||
− | deep, meaningful connection among Muslims. Strengthen unity and seek | + | ''deep, meaningful connection among Muslims. Strengthen unity and seek solutions come to know the enemies of Islam and of Muslims. Ramyeh Jamareh ceremony: throwing stones at the devil)'' <br> |
− | solutions come to know the enemies of Islam and of Muslims. Ramyeh | + | '''11 Eid al Adha (2nd Day)''' <br> |
− | Jamareh ceremony: throwing stones at the devil) <br> | + | '''12 Eid al Adha (3nd Day)''' <br> |
− | 11 Eid al Adha (2nd Day) <br> | ||
− | 12 Eid al Adha (3nd Day) <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
− | 18 Eid al Ghadeer <br> | + | 18 Eid al Ghadeer <br> |
− | (Carvan parting near spring/ghadir of Khum) <br> | + | ''(Carvan parting near spring/ghadir of Khum)'' <br> |
− | 18 Shiite claim Prophet appointed Ali successor <br> | + | ''18 Shiite claim Prophet appointed Ali successor'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
− | 24 Eid al Mubahila <br> | + | 24 Eid al Mubahila <br> |
− | 24 Prophet's invocation curse with Christians of Najran <br> | + | ''24 Prophet's invocation curse with Christians of Najran'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
− | 25 Nuzool e Surah Hal Ataa <br> | + | ''25 Nuzool e Surah Hal Ataa'' <br> |
− | (Gave charity to needy people) <br> | + | ''(Gave charity to needy people)'' <br> |
</td> | </td> | ||
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" valign="top">'''Av+Elul''' <br> | <td bgcolor="#cccccc" valign="top">'''Av+Elul''' <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
− | 1 Death of Aaron, brother of Moses. <br> | + | ''1 Death of Aaron, brother of Moses.'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
Line 475: | Line 482: | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
− | 9 Fast of Av <br> | + | '''9 Fast of Av''' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
Line 488: | Line 495: | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
− | 15 Wood Offering <br> | + | ''15 Wood Offering'' <br> |
− | 15 Tu Bi-Av (Marriage Festival) <br> | + | ''15 Tu Bi-Av (Marriage Festival)'' <br> |
− | 15 Tribes first permitted to intermarry <br> | + | ''15 Tribes first permitted to intermarry'' <br> |
− | 15 Dead of the battle at Betar buried <br> | + | ''15 Dead of the battle at Betar buried'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
− | 18 Fast when western light in Temple Menorah went out in the days of | + | ''18 Fast when western light in Temple Menorah went out in the days of king Ahaz'' </td> |
− | king Ahaz </td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
</table> | </table> | ||
Line 501: | Line 507: | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
+ | [[Category:Islam and Judaism]] | ||
[[Category:The Islamic Jewish Calendar]] | [[Category:The Islamic Jewish Calendar]] |
Latest revision as of 11:54, 10 August 2010
Although the Islamic Calendar has undergone two distinct changes (discontinued intercalation and frozen commutation), is still possible to align the Islamic Calendar to its Jewish counterpart (see Table 10 below).
Contents
- 1 Holidays
- 2 Muharram al-Haraam (Tishrei)
- 3 Safar al-Muzaffar (Cheshvan)
- 4 Rabi al-Awal (Kislev)
- 5 Rabi al-Thaani (Tevet)
- 6 Jumaada al-Awal (Shevat)
- 7 Jumaada al-Thaani (Adar I)
- 8 Rajab al Murajjab (Adar II)
- 9 Shabaan al Muazzam (Nisan)
- 10 Ramadhaan al Mubarak (Iyyar)
- 11 Shawwaal al-Mukarram (Sivan)
- 12 Dhu al Qa'dah (Tammuz)
- 13 Dhu al Hijjah (Av+Elul)
- 14 References
Holidays
The holidays of Ras as Sana (Rosh Hashanah) and Roz e Ashura (Yom Kippur) can be found in Muharram, even though Safar was originally the Sacred Month. Minor events such as the Creation of Adam and ritual bath of Erev Yom Kippur can perhaps be found in altered form. The deletion of the month of Elul and the commutation of Safar and Muharram could also explain a shift of Dahwul Arz from 25 of Elul to 25 of Dhu al Qa'dah.
It is significant that the Jewish Holidays of Succot (Feast of Tabernacles), Purim and Chanuka cannot be found in their corresponding place. Purim and Chanuka are post-Biblical so they could have been dropped as is the Karaites custom today. What is interesting is that In place of Succot we find the traditional date of the changing of the Qiblah from Jerusalem to the Holy Kaaba. The changing of the Qiblah marks a conscious, deliberate changing of traditional Jewish practice. Other possible dates of the “changing of Quiblah” are the 15 of Rajab and the 15 of Shabaan, corresponding to Purim and Pessach (Passover), the former not being found and the latter being deprived of all Jewish traditional practice. “Chanuka” if kept by Arabian Jews would have been eventually overshadowed by Milaad-Un-Nabi (Prophet Mohammed's Birthday), and any ‘correspondence’ with the 25th of December and the Birth of Jesus would be pure speculation.
Before the deletion of Elul, the month of Cheshvan would have corresponded with Rabi al-Awal. It is tradition Jewish practice to pray for Rain, record the passing of the Flood, and pray if there is a drought during this month. Rabi al-Awal too is etymologically related to “first rains”.
The correspondence between Lailat al Baraat (Night of Emancipation) and Pesach (Passover) has been mentioned above. The Sefirah mourning period consists of 49 days from Pesach (Passover) to Shavuoth (Pentecost), however there are differing customs as to the degrees of mourning during that period. Many oriental Jews observe heightened mourning during the month of Iyyar which corresponds to Ramadhan. There is a similarity even in the Sefirah custom of counting the 49 days of the “Omer”. In Jewish tradition each day must be counted distinctly and individually. Similar to this most of Islamic jurists think that the intention "I will fast for this approaching month of Ramadan" is not legally enough, since the intention to fast must be formulated each night for the following day, i.e. "I will fast for Ramadan during this day".
The 18th of Iyyar is very interesting because until now we have assumed that the Jewish holidays were transformed into Islamic holidays because of the historical record attesting to the observance of these holidays hundreds of years prior the advent of Islam. But Lag BeOmer (the Revelation of the Zohar), if it corresponds to Lailat-el-Qadr (Revelation of the Qur’an) would indicate the reverse. The Zohar was not known publicly until several hundred years after the advent of Islam.
There seems to be a correspondence between Shavouth (Pentacost) and Eid al Fitr, both marking the end of the mourning period. Lastly, for hundreds of years after the destruction of the 2nd Temple, the only Jewish pilgrimage consisted of the 9th of Av pilgrimage to the Mount of Olives to mourn over the ruins of Jerusalem. Previous to this, the Pilgrimage to Jerusalem had always been for the “Chag” Holidays of Succot (Tabernacles), Pesach (Passover) and Shavuoth (Pentacost). It appears that due to some specific reason this “Chag” pilgrimage to Jerusalem was changed to the “Hajj” pilgrimage to Mecca.
Table 10 contains a correspondence between the Islamic Calendar and its Jewish counterpart.
Muharram al-Haraam (Tishrei)
Legend
- Major Holiday
- Minor Holiday
- Traditional Event
Proposed correspondence, not indented
1. Muharram al-Haraam (means sacred, c.f. Cherem) |
Tishrei
|
Safar al-Muzaffar (Cheshvan)
2. Safar al-Muzaffar (whistling of the wind, c.f. Shofar) |
Cheshvan
|
Rabi al-Awal (Kislev)
3. Rabi al-Awal (first rains) |
Kislev
|
Rabi al-Thaani (Tevet)
4. Rabi al-Thaani (second rains) |
Tevet
|
Jumaada al-Awal (Shevat)
5. Jumaada al-Awal (dry, 1st month of summer) |
Shevat
|
Jumaada al-Thaani (Adar I)
6. Jumaada al-Thaani (dry, 2nd month of summer) |
Adar I |
Rajab al Murajjab (Adar II)
7. Rajab al Murajjab (means majestic, great, honored, valuable) |
Adar II [1 Death of Moses, according to Josephus] |
Shabaan al Muazzam (Nisan)
8. Shabaan al Muazzam (means branch) |
Nisan
|
Ramadhaan al Mubarak (Iyyar)
9. Ramadhaan al Mubarak (means heat) |
Iyyar
|
Shawwaal al-Mukarram (Sivan)
10. Shawwaal al-Mukarram |
Sivan
|
Dhu al Qa'dah (Tammuz)
11. Dhu al Qa'dah (means to sit) |
Tammuz
|
Dhu al Hijjah (Av+Elul)
12. Dhu al Hijjah (means pilgramage, c.f. Chagg) |
Av+Elul
|