Difference between revisions of "Correspondence between Islamic Calendar and its Jewish Counterpart"
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Although the Islamic Calendar has undergone two distinct changes (discontinued intercalation and frozen commutation), is still possible to align the Islamic Calendar to its Jewish counterpart (see Table 10 below). | Although the Islamic Calendar has undergone two distinct changes (discontinued intercalation and frozen commutation), is still possible to align the Islamic Calendar to its Jewish counterpart (see Table 10 below). | ||
| − | ==Holidays | + | ==Holidays== |
The holidays of Ras as Sana (Rosh Hashanah) and Roz e Ashura (Yom Kippur) can be found in Muharram, even though Safar was originally the Sacred Month. Minor events such as the Creation of Adam and ritual bath of Erev Yom Kippur can perhaps be found in altered form. The deletion of the month of Elul and the commutation of Safar and Muharram could also explain a shift of Dahwul Arz from 25 of Elul to 25 of Dhu al Qa'dah. | The holidays of Ras as Sana (Rosh Hashanah) and Roz e Ashura (Yom Kippur) can be found in Muharram, even though Safar was originally the Sacred Month. Minor events such as the Creation of Adam and ritual bath of Erev Yom Kippur can perhaps be found in altered form. The deletion of the month of Elul and the commutation of Safar and Muharram could also explain a shift of Dahwul Arz from 25 of Elul to 25 of Dhu al Qa'dah. | ||
| Line 16: | Line 16: | ||
Table 10 contains a correspondence between the Islamic Calendar and its Jewish counterpart. | Table 10 contains a correspondence between the Islamic Calendar and its Jewish counterpart. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Muharram al-Haraam (Tishrei)== | ||
Legend | Legend | ||
| Line 23: | Line 25: | ||
Proposed correspondence, not indented | Proposed correspondence, not indented | ||
| − | + | <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="640"> | |
| − | |||
| − | <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> | ||
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" valign="top" width="50%">'''1. Muharram al-Haraam''' <br> | <td bgcolor="#cccccc" valign="top" width="50%">'''1. Muharram al-Haraam''' <br> | ||
| Line 64: | Line 64: | ||
''1 Adam was created'' <br> | ''1 Adam was created'' <br> | ||
'''2 Rosh Hashanah (2nd Day)''' <br> | '''2 Rosh Hashanah (2nd Day)''' <br> | ||
| − | | + | 3 Fast of Gedaliah <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| Line 95: | Line 95: | ||
==Safar al-Muzaffar (Cheshvan)== | ==Safar al-Muzaffar (Cheshvan)== | ||
| − | <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> | + | <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="640"> |
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td valign="top" width="50%">'''2. Safar al-Muzaffar''' <br> | <td valign="top" width="50%">'''2. Safar al-Muzaffar''' <br> | ||
| − | (whistling of the wind, c.f. Shofar) <br> | + | (whistling of the wind, c.f. ''Shofar'') <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 28 | + | ''28 The Passing of the Prophet Muhammed (pbuh)''<br> |
| − | + | </td> | |
<td valign="top">'''Cheshvan''' <br> | <td valign="top">'''Cheshvan''' <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 7 Prayer for Rain <br> | + | ''7 Prayer for Rain'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 17 Beginning of the great Flood <br> | + | ''17 Beginning of the great Flood'' <br> |
| − | 17 Prayer for Drought <br> | + | ''17 Prayer for Drought'' <br> |
| − | + | </td> | |
</tr> | </tr> | ||
</table> | </table> | ||
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==Rabi al-Awal (Kislev)== | ==Rabi al-Awal (Kislev)== | ||
| − | <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> | + | <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="640"> |
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td valign="top" width="50%">'''3. Rabi al-Awal''' <br> | <td valign="top" width="50%">'''3. Rabi al-Awal''' <br> | ||
(first rains) <br> | (first rains) <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 1 Medina Migration <br> | + | ''1 Medina Migration'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 9 Eid e Zehra | + | ''9 Eid e Zehra (Killers of Imam Husain were punished)''<br> |
| − | (Killers of Imam Husain | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 12 The Prophet received in Medina <br> | + | '''12 Milaad-Un-Nabi (Prophet Mohammed's (pbuh) Birthday for Sunni Muslims)''' <br> |
| + | ''12 The Prophet received in Medina'' <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 15 Building of First Mosque <br> | + | ''15 Building of First Mosque'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 16 Night Journey (or 17 Ramadhan, or 7 Rajab) <br> | + | ''16 Night Journey (or 17 Ramadhan, or 7 Rajab)'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 17 Milaad-Un-Nabi (Prophet Mohammed's Birthday) <br> | + | '''17 Milaad-Un-Nabi (Prophet Mohammed's (pbuh) Birthday for Shia Muslims)''' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 22 Battle against Bani An-Nadhir <br> | + | ''22 Battle against Bani An-Nadhir'' <br> |
</td> | </td> | ||
<td valign="top">'''Kislev''' <br> | <td valign="top">'''Kislev''' <br> | ||
| Line 154: | Line 154: | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 25-02 Chanuka <br> | + | <br> |
| + | <br> | ||
| + | <br> | ||
| + | <br> | ||
| + | '''25-02 Chanuka''' <br> | ||
</td> | </td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
| Line 161: | Line 165: | ||
==Rabi al-Thaani (Tevet)== | ==Rabi al-Thaani (Tevet)== | ||
| − | <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> | + | <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="640"> |
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td valign="top" width="50%">'''4. Rabi al-Thaani''' <br> | <td valign="top" width="50%">'''4. Rabi al-Thaani''' <br> | ||
| Line 169: | Line 173: | ||
<td valign="top">'''Tevet''' <br> | <td valign="top">'''Tevet''' <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 8 Fast of Translation of the Bible into Greek <br> | + | ''8 Fast of Translation of the Bible into Greek'' <br> |
| − | 9 death of Ezra <br> | + | ''9 death of Ezra'' <br> |
| − | 10 Fast of Tevet <br> | + | 10 Fast of Tevet<br> |
</td> | </td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
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==Jumaada al-Awal (Shevat)== | ==Jumaada al-Awal (Shevat)== | ||
| − | <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> | + | <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="640"> |
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td valign="top" width="50%">'''5. Jumaada al-Awal''' <br> | <td valign="top" width="50%">'''5. Jumaada al-Awal''' <br> | ||
(dry, 1st month of summer) <br> | (dry, 1st month of summer) <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 6 The battle of Bani Salim <br> | + | ''6 The battle of Bani Salim'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 10 The battle of Camel <br> | + | ''10 The battle of Camel'' <br> |
</td> | </td> | ||
<td valign="top">'''Shevat''' <br> | <td valign="top">'''Shevat''' <br> | ||
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<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 15 Tu bi-Shevat (New Year for Trees) <br> | + | 15 Tu bi-Shevat (New Year for Trees) <br> |
</td> | </td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
| Line 200: | Line 204: | ||
==Jumaada al-Thaani (Adar I)== | ==Jumaada al-Thaani (Adar I)== | ||
| − | <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> | + | <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="640"> |
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td valign="top" width="50%">'''6. Jumaada al-Thaani''' <br> | <td valign="top" width="50%">'''6. Jumaada al-Thaani''' <br> | ||
(dry, 2nd month of summer) <br> | (dry, 2nd month of summer) <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 1 First Revelation (Cave Of Hira) <br> | + | ''1 First Revelation (Cave Of Hira)'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 15 Hajaj Destroyed Kaaba <br> | + | ''15 Hajaj Destroyed Kaaba'' <br> |
</td> | </td> | ||
<td valign="top">'''Adar I''' </td> | <td valign="top">'''Adar I''' </td> | ||
| Line 215: | Line 219: | ||
==Rajab al Murajjab (Adar II)== | ==Rajab al Murajjab (Adar II)== | ||
| − | <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> | + | <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="640"> |
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" valign="top" width="50%">'''7. Rajab al Murajjab''' <br> | <td bgcolor="#cccccc" valign="top" width="50%">'''7. Rajab al Murajjab''' <br> | ||
| Line 221: | Line 225: | ||
SACRED MONTH <br> | SACRED MONTH <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 1 Boarding of Noah's Ark | + | ''1 Boarding of Noah's Ark'' <br> |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
<br> | <br> | ||
| + | 7 Imam Musa Kazim Day <br> | ||
| + | ''7 Night Journey (or 16 Rabi al-Awal, or 17 Ramadhaan)'' <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | [15 Qiblah direction faced in prayers changed from Jerusalem to the | + | '''13 Birthday of Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib'''<br> |
| − | Holy Kaabah (or 16 Muharram, or 15 Shabaan)] <br> | + | ''[15 Qiblah direction faced in prayers changed from Jerusalem to the |
| + | Holy Kaabah (or 16 Muharram, or 15 Shabaan)]'' <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| Line 235: | Line 239: | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | + | ''23 Imam Al-Hasan bun Ali (PBUH) killed by poisoned dagger ''<br> | |
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 24 Victory of Khaybar <br> | + | ''24 Victory of Khaybar'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 27 Lailat al-Ma'raj (Ladder) <br> | + | '''27 Lailat al-Ma'raj (Ladder)''' <br> |
| − | Roz-e-Besat (Ascent of the Prophet) <br> | + | '''Roz-e-Besat (Ascent of the Prophet)''' <br> |
</td> | </td> | ||
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" valign="top">'''Adar II''' <br> | <td bgcolor="#cccccc" valign="top">'''Adar II''' <br> | ||
| − | [1 Death of Moses, according to Josephus] <br> | + | ''[1 Death of Moses, according to Josephus]'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 3 Second Temple was dedicated. <br> | + | ''3 Second Temple was dedicated.'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 7 Birth and Death of Moses <br> | + | ''7 Birth and Death of Moses'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 9 Fast for arguments of schools of Hillel and Shammai <br> | + | ''9 Fast for arguments of schools of Hillel and Shammai'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 13 Fast of Esther (originally a festival called Nicanor Day) <br> | + | 13 Fast of Esther (originally a festival called Nicanor Day) <br> |
| − | 14 Purim <br> | + | '''14 Purim''' <br> |
| − | 15 Shusham Purim <br> | + | 15 Shusham Purim <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 16 Nehemiah (5th BCE) Feast of rebuilding of the walls of Jerusalem <br> | + | ''16 Nehemiah (5th BCE) Feast of rebuilding of the walls of Jerusalem'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 20 Fast of Honi ha-Me'aggel (1st BCE) miraculously evoked the rain </td> | + | ''20 Fast of Honi ha-Me'aggel (1st BCE) miraculously evoked the rain'' </td> |
</tr> | </tr> | ||
</table> | </table> | ||
| Line 263: | Line 267: | ||
==Shabaan al Muazzam (Nisan)== | ==Shabaan al Muazzam (Nisan)== | ||
| − | <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> | + | <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="640"> |
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td valign="top" width="50%">'''8. Shabaan al Muazzam''' <br> | <td valign="top" width="50%">'''8. Shabaan al Muazzam''' <br> | ||
(means branch) <br> | (means branch) <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 8 Starting Of Ghaibat-E-Sugra <br> | + | ''8 Starting Of Ghaibat-E-Sugra'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | + | 15 Shab e Baraat, also Lailat al Baraat (Night of Emancipation) <br> | |
| − | | + | 15 Birthday of Muhammad al-Mahdi, Shias believe him to be the twelfth, final and current Shia Imam and Messiah<br> |
| − | [15 Qiblah direction faced in prayers changed from Jerusalem to the | + | 15 Noah was saved from the flood<br> |
| − | Holy Kaabah (or 16 Muharram, or 15 Rajab)] <br> | + | ''[15 Qiblah direction faced in prayers changed from Jerusalem to the |
| + | Holy Kaabah (or 16 Muharram, or 15 Rajab)]'' <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 19 Battle of Banil Mustalaq between the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and Khuza'a | + | ''19 Battle of Banil Mustalaq between the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and Khuza'a'' |
<br> | <br> | ||
</td> | </td> | ||
<td valign="top">'''Nisan''' <br> | <td valign="top">'''Nisan''' <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 1 Deaths of Nadab and Abihu <br> | + | ''1 Deaths of Nadab and Abihu'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 10 Death of Miriam the sister of Moses <br> | + | ''10 Death of Miriam the sister of Moses'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 14 Fast of Firstborns <br> | + | ''14 Fast of Firstborns'' <br> |
| − | 15-21 Pesach (Passover) <br> | + | '''15-21 Pesach (Passover)''' <br> |
| − | 16 Sefirat Ha’omer <br> | + | 16 Sefirat Ha’omer <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| Line 294: | Line 299: | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | + | </td> | |
</tr> | </tr> | ||
</table> | </table> | ||
| Line 300: | Line 305: | ||
==Ramadhaan al Mubarak (Iyyar)== | ==Ramadhaan al Mubarak (Iyyar)== | ||
| − | <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> | + | <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="640"> |
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td valign="top" width="50%">'''9. Ramadhaan al Mubarak''' <br> | <td valign="top" width="50%">'''9. Ramadhaan al Mubarak''' <br> | ||
(means heat) <br> | (means heat) <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 1 Start of Month Long Fast <br> | + | '''1 Start of Month Long Fast''' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 6 The Torah was sent down to Moses <br> | + | ''6 The Torah was sent down to Moses'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | + | ''10 Mecca was conquered'' <br> | |
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | + | ''13 The Evangel was sent down to Jesus'' <br> | |
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 17 Night Journey (or 16 Rabi al-Awal, or 7 Rajab) <br> | + | ''17 Night Journey (or 16 Rabi al-Awal, or 7 Rajab)'' <br> |
| − | 17 Angle descended on the Holy Prophet (PBUH) at cave of Hiraa. <br> | + | ''17 Angle descended on the Holy Prophet (PBUH) at cave of Hiraa.'' <br> |
| − | 17 Nuzul Al-Qur'an Battle of Badr, 2 A.H. <br> | + | ''17 Nuzul Al-Qur'an Battle of Badr, 2 A.H.'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | + | ''18 The Psalms was sent down to David'' <br> | |
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 21 Jesus was lifted up to the sky <br> | + | ''21 Jesus was lifted up to the sky'' <br> |
| − | 21 Moses died on this date <br> | + | ''21 Moses died on this date'' <br> |
| − | 21 Joshua died on this date <br> | + | ''21 Joshua died on this date'' <br> |
| + | ''21 Passing of Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib''<br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 23 Lailat-el-Qadr / Shab-e-Qadr <br> | + | 23 Lailat-el-Qadr / Shab-e-Qadr (Last third of Ramadan) <br> |
(Qur'an began to be revealed, one of the qader nights, in last ten days | (Qur'an began to be revealed, one of the qader nights, in last ten days | ||
of ramadhaan) <br> | of ramadhaan) <br> | ||
| + | 27 Nuzul Al-Qur'an (17th Ramadan in Malaysia) <br> | ||
</td> | </td> | ||
<td valign="top">'''Iyyar''' <br> | <td valign="top">'''Iyyar''' <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 1 Start of Sefirah Mourning Period <br> | + | '''1 Start of Sefirah Mourning Period''' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| Line 346: | Line 353: | ||
Revelation Of Zohar <br> | Revelation Of Zohar <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 26 Nisan, Death of Joshua </td> | + | ''26 Nisan, Death of Joshua'' </td> |
</tr> | </tr> | ||
</table> | </table> | ||
| Line 352: | Line 359: | ||
==Shawwaal al-Mukarram (Sivan)== | ==Shawwaal al-Mukarram (Sivan)== | ||
| − | <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> | + | <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="640"> |
<tr> | <tr> | ||
| − | <td valign="top" width="50%">'''10. Shawwaal al-Mukarram''' <br> | + | <td valign="top" width="50%"> |
| + | '''10. Shawwaal al-Mukarram''' <br> | ||
| + | ''Muslims encouraged to fast six more days, as-Sitta al-Bīḍ (the white six)''<br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 1 Eid al Fitr <br> | + | '''1 Eid al Fitr''' <br> |
| − | 2 Eid al Fitr (2st Day) <br> | + | '''2 Eid al Fitr (2st Day)''' <br> |
| − | 3 Eid al Fitr (3st Day) <br> | + | '''3 Eid al Fitr (3st Day)''' <br> |
| − | 1 Revealed to the bee in making honey. <br> | + | ''1 Revealed to the bee in making honey.'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 6 The Holy Prophet (PBUH) conquered Mecca in the eighth year A.H <br> | + | ''6 The Holy Prophet (PBUH) conquered Mecca in the eighth year A.H'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 8 Yawm al Gham <br> | + | 8 Yawm al Gham <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 15 Battle of Uhud, 3rd A.H <br> | + | ''15 Battle of Uhud, 3rd A.H'' <br> |
| − | 16 Battle of Hamraa Al-Asad, 3rd A.H <br> | + | ''16 Battle of Hamraa Al-Asad, 3rd A.H'' <br> |
| − | 17 Battle of the Ditch (Al-Ahzaab), 5th A.H. <br> | + | ''17 Battle of the Ditch (Al-Ahzaab), 5th A.H.'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 30 Allah destroyed people of Aad. <br> | + | ''30 Allah destroyed people of Aad.'' <br> |
</td> | </td> | ||
<td valign="top">'''Sivan''' <br> | <td valign="top">'''Sivan''' <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 3-5 Sheloshet Yemei Hagbalah, preparation for Mount Sinai <br> | + | ''3-5 Sheloshet Yemei Hagbalah, preparation for Mount Sinai ''<br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 6 Shavuot <br> | + | '''6 Shavuot''' <br> |
</td> | </td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
| Line 382: | Line 391: | ||
==Dhu al Qa'dah (Tammuz)== | ==Dhu al Qa'dah (Tammuz)== | ||
| − | <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> | + | <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="640"> |
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" valign="top" width="50%">'''11. Dhu al Qa'dah''' <br> | <td bgcolor="#cccccc" valign="top" width="50%">'''11. Dhu al Qa'dah''' <br> | ||
| Line 388: | Line 397: | ||
SACRED MONTH <br> | SACRED MONTH <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 1 God promised Moses (peace be upon him) after thirty nights <br> | + | ''1 God promised Moses (peace be upon him) after thirty nights''' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 5 Abraham and Ismail (PBUH) carried up the pillars of the Baitul Haraam | + | ''5 Abraham and Ismail (PBUH) carried up the pillars of the Baitul Haraam'' |
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| Line 397: | Line 406: | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
25 Dahwul Arz <br> | 25 Dahwul Arz <br> | ||
| − | Earth was sent into orbit <br> | + | ''Earth was sent into orbit'' <br> |
| − | Abraham the Friend (PBUH) was born. <br> | + | ''Abraham the Friend (PBUH) was born.'' <br> |
| − | Jesus son of Mary (PBUH) was born <br> | + | ''Jesus son of Mary (PBUH) was born'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 29 God sent down the Ka'aba, 25 A.H.? <br> | + | ''29 God sent down the Ka'aba, 25 A.H.?'' <br> |
</td> | </td> | ||
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" valign="top">'''Tammuz''' <br> | <td bgcolor="#cccccc" valign="top">'''Tammuz''' <br> | ||
| Line 411: | Line 420: | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 17 Fast of Tamuz <br> | + | 17 Fast of Tamuz <br> |
| − | Moses smashed the first tablets <br> | + | ''Moses smashed the first tablets'' <br> |
| − | 2nd Temple sacrifices ended <br> | + | ''2nd Temple sacrifices ended'' <br> |
| − | Romans set up an idol in Temple <br> | + | ''Romans set up an idol in Temple'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
25 Elul, Creation of world <br> | 25 Elul, Creation of world <br> | ||
| Line 423: | Line 432: | ||
==Dhu al Hijjah (Av+Elul)== | ==Dhu al Hijjah (Av+Elul)== | ||
| − | <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> | + | <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="640"> |
<tr> | <tr> | ||
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" valign="top" width="50%">'''12. Dhu al Hijjah''' <br> | <td bgcolor="#cccccc" valign="top" width="50%">'''12. Dhu al Hijjah''' <br> | ||
| Line 429: | Line 438: | ||
SACRED MONTH <br> | SACRED MONTH <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 3 Allah Accepted Adam's Dua <br> | + | ''3 Allah Accepted Adam's Dua'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 7 Musa obtained victory upon magicians. <br> | + | ''7 Musa obtained victory upon magicians.'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 8 Yaum at-tarwiya, the 'Day of Watering', <br> | + | ''8 Yaum at-tarwiya, the 'Day of Watering','' <br> |
| − | The pilgrim prepares his own water store for the succeeding days | + | ''The pilgrim prepares his own water store for the succeeding days'' |
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 9 Imam Husain departed Mecca to Karbala <br> | + | ''9 Imam Husain departed Mecca to Karbala'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 9 Roz e Arafat <br> | + | '''9 Roz e Arafat''' <br> |
| − | 9 Ibrahim was rescured from fire of Namrud <br> | + | ''9 Ibrahim was rescured from fire of Namrud'' <br> |
| − | 9 Musa made his successor Yushau <br> | + | ''9 Musa made his successor Yushau'' <br> |
| − | 9 Isa made his successor Sham'un As-Safa <br> | + | ''9 Isa made his successor Sham'un As-Safa <br> |
| − | 9 Sulaiman appointed Aasif bun Barkhiya <br> | + | ''9 Sulaiman appointed Aasif bun Barkhiya'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 10 Eid al Hajj <br> | + | '''10 Eid al Hajj''' <br> |
(Day of Hajj / Pilgrimage) <br> | (Day of Hajj / Pilgrimage) <br> | ||
| − | deep, meaningful connection among Muslims. Strengthen unity and seek | + | ''deep, meaningful connection among Muslims. Strengthen unity and seek solutions come to know the enemies of Islam and of Muslims. Ramyeh Jamareh ceremony: throwing stones at the devil)'' <br> |
| − | solutions come to know the enemies of Islam and of Muslims. Ramyeh | + | '''11 Eid al Adha (2nd Day)''' <br> |
| − | Jamareh ceremony: throwing stones at the devil) <br> | + | '''12 Eid al Adha (3nd Day)''' <br> |
| − | 11 Eid al Adha (2nd Day) <br> | ||
| − | 12 Eid al Adha (3nd Day) <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 18 Eid al Ghadeer <br> | + | 18 Eid al Ghadeer <br> |
| − | (Carvan parting near spring/ghadir of Khum) <br> | + | ''(Carvan parting near spring/ghadir of Khum)'' <br> |
| − | 18 Shiite claim Prophet appointed Ali successor <br> | + | ''18 Shiite claim Prophet appointed Ali successor'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 24 Eid al Mubahila <br> | + | 24 Eid al Mubahila <br> |
| − | 24 Prophet's invocation curse with Christians of Najran <br> | + | ''24 Prophet's invocation curse with Christians of Najran'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 25 Nuzool e Surah Hal Ataa <br> | + | ''25 Nuzool e Surah Hal Ataa'' <br> |
| − | (Gave charity to needy people) <br> | + | ''(Gave charity to needy people)'' <br> |
</td> | </td> | ||
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" valign="top">'''Av+Elul''' <br> | <td bgcolor="#cccccc" valign="top">'''Av+Elul''' <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 1 Death of Aaron, brother of Moses. <br> | + | ''1 Death of Aaron, brother of Moses.'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| Line 475: | Line 482: | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 9 Fast of Av <br> | + | '''9 Fast of Av''' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| Line 488: | Line 495: | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 15 Wood Offering <br> | + | ''15 Wood Offering'' <br> |
| − | 15 Tu Bi-Av (Marriage Festival) <br> | + | ''15 Tu Bi-Av (Marriage Festival)'' <br> |
| − | 15 Tribes first permitted to intermarry <br> | + | ''15 Tribes first permitted to intermarry'' <br> |
| − | 15 Dead of the battle at Betar buried <br> | + | ''15 Dead of the battle at Betar buried'' <br> |
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | 18 Fast when western light in Temple Menorah went out in the days of | + | ''18 Fast when western light in Temple Menorah went out in the days of king Ahaz'' </td> |
| − | king Ahaz </td> | ||
</tr> | </tr> | ||
</table> | </table> | ||
| Line 500: | Line 506: | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:Islam and Judaism]] | ||
| + | [[Category:The Islamic Jewish Calendar]] | ||
Latest revision as of 11:54, 10 August 2010
Although the Islamic Calendar has undergone two distinct changes (discontinued intercalation and frozen commutation), is still possible to align the Islamic Calendar to its Jewish counterpart (see Table 10 below).
Contents
- 1 Holidays
- 2 Muharram al-Haraam (Tishrei)
- 3 Safar al-Muzaffar (Cheshvan)
- 4 Rabi al-Awal (Kislev)
- 5 Rabi al-Thaani (Tevet)
- 6 Jumaada al-Awal (Shevat)
- 7 Jumaada al-Thaani (Adar I)
- 8 Rajab al Murajjab (Adar II)
- 9 Shabaan al Muazzam (Nisan)
- 10 Ramadhaan al Mubarak (Iyyar)
- 11 Shawwaal al-Mukarram (Sivan)
- 12 Dhu al Qa'dah (Tammuz)
- 13 Dhu al Hijjah (Av+Elul)
- 14 References
Holidays
The holidays of Ras as Sana (Rosh Hashanah) and Roz e Ashura (Yom Kippur) can be found in Muharram, even though Safar was originally the Sacred Month. Minor events such as the Creation of Adam and ritual bath of Erev Yom Kippur can perhaps be found in altered form. The deletion of the month of Elul and the commutation of Safar and Muharram could also explain a shift of Dahwul Arz from 25 of Elul to 25 of Dhu al Qa'dah.
It is significant that the Jewish Holidays of Succot (Feast of Tabernacles), Purim and Chanuka cannot be found in their corresponding place. Purim and Chanuka are post-Biblical so they could have been dropped as is the Karaites custom today. What is interesting is that In place of Succot we find the traditional date of the changing of the Qiblah from Jerusalem to the Holy Kaaba. The changing of the Qiblah marks a conscious, deliberate changing of traditional Jewish practice. Other possible dates of the “changing of Quiblah” are the 15 of Rajab and the 15 of Shabaan, corresponding to Purim and Pessach (Passover), the former not being found and the latter being deprived of all Jewish traditional practice. “Chanuka” if kept by Arabian Jews would have been eventually overshadowed by Milaad-Un-Nabi (Prophet Mohammed's Birthday), and any ‘correspondence’ with the 25th of December and the Birth of Jesus would be pure speculation.
Before the deletion of Elul, the month of Cheshvan would have corresponded with Rabi al-Awal. It is tradition Jewish practice to pray for Rain, record the passing of the Flood, and pray if there is a drought during this month. Rabi al-Awal too is etymologically related to “first rains”.
The correspondence between Lailat al Baraat (Night of Emancipation) and Pesach (Passover) has been mentioned above. The Sefirah mourning period consists of 49 days from Pesach (Passover) to Shavuoth (Pentecost), however there are differing customs as to the degrees of mourning during that period. Many oriental Jews observe heightened mourning during the month of Iyyar which corresponds to Ramadhan. There is a similarity even in the Sefirah custom of counting the 49 days of the “Omer”. In Jewish tradition each day must be counted distinctly and individually. Similar to this most of Islamic jurists think that the intention "I will fast for this approaching month of Ramadan" is not legally enough, since the intention to fast must be formulated each night for the following day, i.e. "I will fast for Ramadan during this day".
The 18th of Iyyar is very interesting because until now we have assumed that the Jewish holidays were transformed into Islamic holidays because of the historical record attesting to the observance of these holidays hundreds of years prior the advent of Islam. But Lag BeOmer (the Revelation of the Zohar), if it corresponds to Lailat-el-Qadr (Revelation of the Qur’an) would indicate the reverse. The Zohar was not known publicly until several hundred years after the advent of Islam.
There seems to be a correspondence between Shavouth (Pentacost) and Eid al Fitr, both marking the end of the mourning period. Lastly, for hundreds of years after the destruction of the 2nd Temple, the only Jewish pilgrimage consisted of the 9th of Av pilgrimage to the Mount of Olives to mourn over the ruins of Jerusalem. Previous to this, the Pilgrimage to Jerusalem had always been for the “Chag” Holidays of Succot (Tabernacles), Pesach (Passover) and Shavuoth (Pentacost). It appears that due to some specific reason this “Chag” pilgrimage to Jerusalem was changed to the “Hajj” pilgrimage to Mecca.
Table 10 contains a correspondence between the Islamic Calendar and its Jewish counterpart.
Muharram al-Haraam (Tishrei)
Legend
- Major Holiday
- Minor Holiday
- Traditional Event
Proposed correspondence, not indented
| 1. Muharram al-Haraam (means sacred, c.f. Cherem) |
Tishrei
|
Safar al-Muzaffar (Cheshvan)
| 2. Safar al-Muzaffar (whistling of the wind, c.f. Shofar) |
Cheshvan
|
Rabi al-Awal (Kislev)
| 3. Rabi al-Awal (first rains) |
Kislev
|
Rabi al-Thaani (Tevet)
| 4. Rabi al-Thaani (second rains) |
Tevet
|
Jumaada al-Awal (Shevat)
| 5. Jumaada al-Awal (dry, 1st month of summer) |
Shevat
|
Jumaada al-Thaani (Adar I)
| 6. Jumaada al-Thaani (dry, 2nd month of summer) |
Adar I |
Rajab al Murajjab (Adar II)
| 7. Rajab al Murajjab (means majestic, great, honored, valuable) |
Adar II [1 Death of Moses, according to Josephus] |
Shabaan al Muazzam (Nisan)
| 8. Shabaan al Muazzam (means branch) |
Nisan
|
Ramadhaan al Mubarak (Iyyar)
| 9. Ramadhaan al Mubarak (means heat) |
Iyyar
|
Shawwaal al-Mukarram (Sivan)
|
10. Shawwaal al-Mukarram |
Sivan
|
Dhu al Qa'dah (Tammuz)
| 11. Dhu al Qa'dah (means to sit) |
Tammuz
|
Dhu al Hijjah (Av+Elul)
| 12. Dhu al Hijjah (means pilgramage, c.f. Chagg) |
Av+Elul
|