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===The major madhabs=== | ===The major madhabs=== | ||
− | [[File:Madhhab Map3.png|thumb|right|Some regions have a dominant or official ''madhhab''; others recognize a variety.]] | + | [[w:File:Madhhab Map3.png|thumb|right|Some regions have a dominant or official ''madhhab''; others recognize a variety.]] |
− | In the modern era, [[Sadiq al-Mahdi]], the former Prime Minister of Sudan, defined the recognized schools of Muslim jurisprudence as eight specific schools. The Amman Message, a three-point ruling issued by 200 [[Ulema|Islamic scholars]] from over 50 countries, officially recognizes those eight legal schools of thought. | + | In the modern era, [[w:Sadiq al-Mahdi]], the former Prime Minister of Sudan, defined the recognized schools of Muslim jurisprudence as eight specific schools. The Amman Message, a three-point ruling issued by 200 [[w:Ulema|Islamic scholars]] from over 50 countries, officially recognizes those eight legal schools of thought. |
− | * The [[Hanafi]] school was founded by [[Abu Hanifa an-Nu‘man]]. It is followed by Muslims in the Levant, Central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Western Lower Egypt, Iraq, Turkey, the Balkans and by most of [[Islam in Russia|Russia's Muslim community]]. There are movements within this school such as [[Barelvi]]s and [[Deobandi]], which are concentrated in South Asia. | + | * The [[w:Hanafi]] school was founded by [[w:Abu Hanifa an-Nu‘man]]. It is followed by Muslims in the Levant, Central Asia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Western Lower Egypt, Iraq, Turkey, the Balkans and by most of [[w:Islam in Russia|Russia's Muslim community]]. There are movements within this school such as [[w:Barelvi]]s and [[w:Deobandi]], which are concentrated in South Asia. |
− | * The [[Maliki]] school was founded by [[Malik ibn Anas]]. It is followed by Muslims in North Africa, West Africa, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, in parts of Saudi Arabia and in Upper Egypt. The [[Murabitun World Movement]] follows this school as well. In the past, it was also followed in parts of [[Islam in Europe|Europe under Islamic rule]], particularly [[Al-Andalus|Islamic Spain]] and the [[Emirate of Sicily]]. | + | * The [[w:Maliki]] school was founded by [[w:Malik ibn Anas]]. It is followed by Muslims in North Africa, West Africa, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, in parts of Saudi Arabia and in Upper Egypt. The [[w:Murabitun World Movement]] follows this school as well. In the past, it was also followed in parts of [[w:Islam in Europe|Europe under Islamic rule]], particularly [[w:Al-Andalus|Islamic Spain]] and the [[w:Emirate of Sicily]]. |
− | * The [[Shafi'i]] school was founded by [[Muhammad ibn Idris ash-Shafi'i]]. It is followed by Muslims in Saudi Arabia, Eastern Lower Egypt, Indonesia, Jordan, Palestine, the Philippines, Singapore, Somalia, Thailand, Yemen, Kurdistan, and the [[Mappila]]s of [[Kerala]] and [[Konkani Muslims]] of India. It is the official school followed by the governments of Brunei and Malaysia. | + | * The [[w:Shafi'i]] school was founded by [[w:Muhammad ibn Idris ash-Shafi'i]]. It is followed by Muslims in Saudi Arabia, Eastern Lower Egypt, Indonesia, Jordan, Palestine, the Philippines, Singapore, Somalia, Thailand, Yemen, Kurdistan, and the [[w:Mappila]]s of [[w:Kerala]] and [[w:Konkani Muslims]] of India. It is the official school followed by the governments of Brunei and Malaysia. |
− | * The [[Hanbali]] school was founded by [[Ahmad ibn Hanbal]]. It is followed by Muslims in Qatar, most of Saudi Arabia and minority communities in Syria and Iraq. The majority of the [[Salafi]]st movement claims to follow this school. | + | * The [[w:Hanbali]] school was founded by [[w:Ahmad ibn Hanbal]]. It is followed by Muslims in Qatar, most of Saudi Arabia and minority communities in Syria and Iraq. The majority of the [[w:Salafi]]st movement claims to follow this school. |
− | * [[Ja'fari jurisprudence|Ja`fari]] (inc. [[Mustaali]]-[[Taiyabi Ismaili]]) ([[Shia]]) | + | * [[w:Ja'fari jurisprudence|Ja`fari]] (inc. [[w:Mustaali]]-[[w:Taiyabi Ismaili]]) ([[w:Shia]]) |
− | * [[Zaidiyyah]] (Shia) | + | * [[w:Zaidiyyah]] (Shia) |
− | * [[Ibadiyyah]] | + | * [[w:Ibadiyyah]] |
− | * The [[Zahiri]] school was founded by [[Dawud al-Zahiri]]. It is followed by minority communities in Morocco and Pakistan. In the past, it was also followed by the majority of Muslims in Mesopotamia, Portugal, the Balearic Islands, North Africa and parts of Spain. | + | * The [[w:Zahiri]] school was founded by [[w:Dawud al-Zahiri]]. It is followed by minority communities in Morocco and Pakistan. In the past, it was also followed by the majority of Muslims in Mesopotamia, Portugal, the Balearic Islands, North Africa and parts of Spain. |
− | Madhab schools of jurisprudence are each named after the classical jurist who taught them. The four primary Sunni schools are the [[Hanafi]], [[Shafi'i]], [[Maliki]] and [[Hanbali]] rites. The [[Zahiri]] school remains in existence but outside of the mainstream, while the [[Jariri]], [[Laythi]], [[Awza'i]] and [[Thawri]] have become extinct. | + | Madhab schools of jurisprudence are each named after the classical jurist who taught them. The four primary Sunni schools are the [[w:Hanafi]], [[w:Shafi'i]], [[w:Maliki]] and [[w:Hanbali]] rites. The [[w:Zahiri]] school remains in existence but outside of the mainstream, while the [[w:Jariri]], [[w:Laythi]], [[w:Awza'i]] and [[w:Thawri]] have become extinct. |
− | The extant schools share most of their rulings, but differ on the particular practices which they may accept as authentic and the varying weights they give to [[Qiyas|analogical]] reason and pure reason. | + | The extant schools share most of their rulings, but differ on the particular practices which they may accept as authentic and the varying weights they give to [[w:Qiyas|Qiyas (analogical)]] reason and pure reason. |
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===The schools of law=== | ===The schools of law=== | ||
Revision as of 07:52, 28 August 2016
Mission Statement
As-salamu 'alaykum wa rahmat-Ullah wa barakatuH
سُوۡرَةُ البَقَرَة وَلِكُلٍّ۬ وِجۡهَةٌ هُوَ مُوَلِّيہَاۖ فَٱسۡتَبِقُواْ ٱلۡخَيۡرَٲتِۚ أَيۡنَ مَا تَكُونُواْ يَأۡتِ بِكُمُ ٱللَّهُ جَمِيعًاۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىۡءٍ۬ قَدِيرٌ۬ ١٤٨
2.148 To each is a goal to which Allah turns him; then strive together (as in a race) Towards all that is good. Wheresoever ye are, Allah will bring you Together. For Allah Hath power over all things. سُوۡرَةُ آل عِمرَان يُؤۡمِنُونَ بِٱللَّهِ وَٱلۡيَوۡمِ ٱلۡأَخِرِ وَيَأۡمُرُونَ بِٱلۡمَعۡرُوفِ وَيَنۡهَوۡنَ عَنِ ٱلۡمُنكَرِ وَيُسَـٰرِعُونَ فِى ٱلۡخَيۡرَٲتِ وَأُوْلَـٰٓٮِٕكَ مِنَ ٱلصَّـٰلِحِينَ ١١٤
3.114 They believe in Allah and the last day, and they enjoin what is right and forbid the wrong and they strive with one another in hastening to good deeds, and those are among the good. سُوۡرَةُ یُونس فَإِن كُنتَ فِى شَكٍّ۬ مِّمَّآ أَنزَلۡنَآ إِلَيۡكَ فَسۡـَٔلِ ٱلَّذِينَ يَقۡرَءُونَ ٱلۡڪِتَـٰبَ مِن قَبۡلِكَۚ لَقَدۡ جَآءَكَ ٱلۡحَقُّ مِن رَّبِّكَ فَلَا تَكُونَنَّ مِنَ ٱلۡمُمۡتَرِينَ ٩٤
10.94 But if you are in doubt as to what We have revealed to you, ask those who read the Book before you; certainly the truth has come to you from your Lord, therefore you should not be of the disputers. |
al-Maehad al-Sadiqin (the Al-Sadiqin Institute) supports research into the common shared heritage of Islam and Judaism. It endeavors to explore that relationship in great detail and from every angle. The institute is committed to making its research available in simple terms, accessible to the general public. It publishes books, booklets, and sponsors seminars and conferences open to the general public.
The institute is firstly a religious organization. Insha'Allah, it strives to conform in every way to sharia and accepted convention. It is bound to operate within the general precepts of Ahlu-s-Sunnah wa-l-Jama'ah, the four Madhabs and Jafari fiqh, and Halachah va-Minhag Avosenu. The institute is opposed to "interfaith" and any mixing of religious practices or concepts. It encourages traditional religious education, and cooperation between faith communities "as if in a race for virtue."
The visitors to Al-Sadiqin's website include both Muslims and Jews looking for a more authentic conceptual framework to understand the history of Islam and the Banu Israel: One that doesn't presume a fundamental, eternal opposition between them.
Contents
Courts
Al Sadiqin provides expert witnesses concerning Halachic and Shari'ah law to religious courts. This includes the interaction of these legal systems with each other, and their interaction with civil law. This also includes the relationship of religious and civil law from an historical perspective.
- Al Sadiqin advocates for Islam and Muslims to be recognized and achieve their proper, respected place in Jewish law as Noahides.
- Al Sadiqin advocates for symetric jurisprudence for Jews and Christians under Islamic law.
- Al Sadiqin seeks to educate jurists and the public in general about ways in which Islamic and Jewish law can co-exist with civil law and secular society.
Al Sadiqin is participating in laying the groundwork necessary to create a Joint Interconnected Religious Court to fulfill the model of Ṣaḥīfat al-Madīnah (the Constitution of Medina). It draws from the rich heritage and broad experience of the Ottoman millet system. The JIRC is seen as the first step in creating an regional Ummah Wahida (Islamic Union).
Although Al Sadiqin's work with courts is only one facet of the Institute, the goal of providing accurate, binding and sourced material, leaving out religious rhetoric and theological debate, is something that guides all the research done at the Institute.
Institute
Founder Rabbi Ben Abrahamson uses a historiographical approach in his work, with a focus on the identities of the Jews, Christians and proto-Muslims in Arabia at the time of Islam's inception, and how they related to each other. This work is continued by the Institute.
Global ethics
Al Sadiqin actively participates in Religious Diplomacy in areas of conflict in the Middle East, the European Union and Africa.
The institute offers an intellectual framework that can assist in conflict resolution in line with Islamic and Judaic values. Islamic Deen, seen as the equivelent of Rabbinic Noahism, is offered as an alternative to humanism and relativism as foundation for peace.
The institute sees as essential that conflict resolution take place in line with cherished classic and scriptural values that Muslims and Jews hold dear. Otherwise, agreements imposed from without will be resented by local populations, deemed as imperialistic, quasi-colonial interference. Peace agreements, both large scale and small, that organically grow out of our scriptures and shared national heritage are truly the key to lasting peace.
Staff
- Ben Abrahamson - Director and Founder. Rabbi Ben Abrahamson is Rabbinical Historian and founded Al Sadiqin to provide consultants for religious courts;
- Rebecca Abrahamson - Activist and Journalist
AlSadiqin Press
Al Sadiqin is committed to providing the finest quality publications for the scholar and layman alike.
- Divine Diversity: An Orthodox Rabbi Engages with Muslims Paperback, 338 pages.
Learning Resources
Recent Additions to the LibraryPrimary Sources
OrganizationsThe major madhabsthumb|right|Some regions have a dominant or official madhhab; others recognize a variety. In the modern era, w:Sadiq al-Mahdi, the former Prime Minister of Sudan, defined the recognized schools of Muslim jurisprudence as eight specific schools. The Amman Message, a three-point ruling issued by 200 Islamic scholars from over 50 countries, officially recognizes those eight legal schools of thought.
Madhab schools of jurisprudence are each named after the classical jurist who taught them. The four primary Sunni schools are the w:Hanafi, w:Shafi'i, w:Maliki and w:Hanbali rites. The w:Zahiri school remains in existence but outside of the mainstream, while the w:Jariri, w:Laythi, w:Awza'i and w:Thawri have become extinct. The extant schools share most of their rulings, but differ on the particular practices which they may accept as authentic and the varying weights they give to Qiyas (analogical) reason and pure reason. |
The schools of lawIndividual leaders, sorted by years of activityMajor Islamic groupsCommunity Forum
See also
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